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[6] [7] The heap array is assumed to have its first element at index 1. // Push a new item to a (max) heap and then extract the root of the resulting heap. // heap: an array representing the heap, indexed at 1 // item: an element to insert // Returns the greater of the two between item and the root of heap.
In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations. Buffers are areas of memory set aside to hold data, often while moving it from one section of a program to another, or between programs.
In computer science, a heap is a tree -based data structure that satisfies the heap property: In a max heap, for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In a min heap, the key of P is less than or equal to the key of C. [1] The node at the "top" of the heap (with no ...
Memory leak. In computer science, a memory leak is a type of resource leak that occurs when a computer program incorrectly manages memory allocations [ 1 ] in a way that memory which is no longer needed is not released. A memory leak may also happen when an object is stored in memory but cannot be accessed by the running code (i.e. unreachable ...
Heap overflow. A heap overflow, heap overrun, or heap smashing is a type of buffer overflow that occurs in the heap data area. Heap overflows are exploitable in a different manner to that of stack-based overflows. Memory on the heap is dynamically allocated at runtime and typically contains program data. Exploitation is performed by corrupting ...
The heapsort algorithm can be divided into two phases: heap construction, and heap extraction. The heap is an implicit data structure which takes no space beyond the array of objects to be sorted; the array is interpreted as a complete binary tree where each array element is a node and each node's parent and child links are defined by simple arithmetic on the array indexes.
Magic number (programming) In computer programming, a magic number is any of the following: A unique value with unexplained meaning or multiple occurrences which could (preferably) be replaced with a named constant. A constant numerical or text value used to identify a file format or protocol (for files, see List of file signatures) A ...
Many different types of memory errors can occur: [24] [25] Access errors: invalid read/write of a pointer Buffer overflow – out-of-bound writes can corrupt the content of adjacent objects, or internal data (like bookkeeping information for the heap) or return addresses.