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Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
For propagation of light in a vacuum, the definition of specific (radiative) intensity implicitly allows for the inverse square law of radiative propagation. [12] [14] The concept of specific (radiative) intensity of a source at the point P 1 presumes that the destination detector at the point P 2 has optical devices (telescopic lenses and so forth) that can resolve the details of the source ...
Because incandescent bulbs sold for "general service" all have fairly similar characteristics (same spectral power distribution), power consumption provides a rough guide to the light output of incandescent bulbs. Watts can also be a direct measure of output. In a radiometric sense, an incandescent light bulb is about 80% efficient: 20% of the ...
The light at the image plane, however, fills a larger solid angle so the radiance comes out to be the same assuming there is no loss at the lens. Spectral radiance expresses radiance as a function of frequency or wavelength. Radiance is the integral of the spectral radiance over all frequencies or wavelengths.
A rainbow is a decomposition of white light into all of the spectral colors. Laser beams are monochromatic light, thereby exhibiting spectral colors. A spectral color is a color that is evoked by monochromatic light, i.e. either a spectral line with a single wavelength or frequency of light in the visible spectrum, or a relatively narrow spectral band (e.g. lasers).
A densitometer measures the degree of light passing through or reflected by a subject. [4] A color temperature meter measures the color temperature of an incident illuminant. Two spectral reflectance curves. The object in question reflects light with shorter wavelengths while absorbing those in others, lending it a blue appearance.
A tea light-type candle, imaged with a luminance camera; false colors indicate luminance levels per the bar on the right (cd/m 2). Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. [1]
A color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with a natural or standard light source. Color rendering, as defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), is the effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by ...