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[83] [82] [84] For filamentous cyanobacteria, the mechanics of the filaments is known to contribute to self-organization, for example in determining how one filament will bend when in contact with other filaments or obstacles. [85]
Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. [1]
Nostoc with hormogonia. Hormogonia are motile filaments of cells formed by some cyanobacteria in the order Nostocales and Stigonematales.They are formed during vegetative reproduction in unicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria, and some may contain heterocysts and akinetes.
[157] [158] Gliding in filamentous cyanobacteria appears to be powered by a "slime jet" mechanism, in which the cells extrude a gel that expands quickly as it hydrates providing a propulsion force, [159] [160] although some unicellular cyanobacteria use type IV pili for gliding. [161] [22] Cyanobacteria have strict light requirements.
Oscillatoria is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria. It is often found in freshwater environments. [1] Its name refers to the oscillating motion of its filaments as they slide against each other to position the colony to face a light source. [2] Oscillatoria uses photosynthesis to survive and reproduce.
Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. They are one of four genera of cyanobacteria that produce neurotoxins, which are
The Nostocaceae are a family of cyanobacteria that forms filament-shaped colonies enclosed in mucus or a gelatinous sheath. Some genera in this family are found primarily in fresh water (such as Nostoc), while others are found primarily in salt water (such as Nodularia).
Trichodesmium erythraeum is a motile, Gram-negative cyanobacteria. [11] They can exist in single filaments, but are more commonly found in colonial morphologies composed of up to several hundreds of filaments. [12] Generally, Trichodesmium can aggregate in parallel to form a fusiform (tuft) colony or radial (puff) form.