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Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride, or methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula C H 2 Cl 2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform -like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent .
Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from dichloromethane contaminated soil in Volgograd in Russia. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus can use dichloromethane , methanol , formate and formaldehyde for its metabolism.
Many organochlorine compounds have been isolated from natural sources ranging from bacteria to humans. [3] [4] Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.
Many kinds of seaweed produce chloroform, and fungi are believed to produce chloroform in soil. [ 3 ] Most of the haloforms — specifically, chloroform ( CHCl 3 ), bromoform ( CHBr 3 ), and iodoform ( CHI 3 ) — are easy to prepare through the haloform reaction , although this method does not lend itself to bulk syntheses.
Environmental chemistry is used by the Environment Agency in England, Natural Resources Wales, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Association of Public Analysts, and other environmental agencies and research bodies around the world to detect and identify the nature and source of pollutants. These can include:
The benefits of SOM result from several complex, interactive, edaphic factors; a non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention of pollutants, buffering capacity, and the cycling and storage of plant nutrients.
For example, N,N,N ′-Tributylpentanamidine is a switchable solvent, and for a volumetric ratio of compound to water of 2:1, it has a log(K ow)= 5.99, which is higher than 2.5. Ionic liquids [ 55 ] with low melting points are associated with asymmetric cations, and liquids with high melting point are associated with symmetric cations.
For example, the Kamlet-Taft parameters are dipolarity/polarizability (π*), hydrogen-bonding acidity (α) and hydrogen-bonding basicity (β). These can be calculated from the wavelength shifts of 3–6 different solvatochromic dyes in the solvent, usually including Reichardt's dye , nitroaniline and diethylnitroaniline .