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Uric acid is a normal waste product made by the body, but in some people, it can accumulate at higher levels and lead to gout. Gout can be divided into four stages: Hyperuricemia.
Hyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. For men this is at a rate greater than 800 mg/day, and for women, 750 mg/day. [ 1 ] Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder , and hyperuricemia .
Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [5] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
Treatment is focused on preventing deposition of uric acid within the urinary system by increasing urine volume with potent diuretics such as furosemide. Raising the urinary pH to a level higher than 7 (alkalinization) is often difficult to attain, although sodium bicarbonate and/or acetazolamide are sometimes used in an attempt to increase ...
[20] [64] Probenecid may be used if undersecretion of uric acid is present (24-hour urine uric acid less than 800 mg). [75] It is, however, not recommended if a person has a history of kidney stones. [75] Probenecid can be used in a combined therapy with allopurinol is more effective than allopurinol monotherapy. [76] [77] [78]
In general, this effect is achieved by action on the proximal tubule of the kidney. Drugs that reduce blood uric acid are not all uricosurics; blood uric acid can be reduced by other mechanisms (see other Antigout Medications). Uricosurics are often used in the treatment of gout, a disease in which uric acid crystals form deposits in the joints.
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