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In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero.
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
For example, sodium has one valence electron in its outermost shell, so in ionized form it is commonly found with one lost electron, as Na +. On the other side of the periodic table, chlorine has seven valence electrons, so in ionized form it is commonly found with one gained electron, as Cl − .
For example, in dichloromethane, CH 2 Cl 2, carbon has valence 4 but oxidation state 0. *** Iron oxides appear in a crystal structure, so no typical molecule can be identified. In ferrous oxide, Fe has oxidation state +2; in ferric oxide, oxidation state +3.
Each string oxidation-state-number values an oxidation-state-number eg "+3," starts with a space or a newline, followed by; a math minus sign (not a dash) OR; a plus OR; nothing; followed by number, followed by comma (every entry including the last one), a referenced-oxidation-state-number is an oxidation-state-number followed by a <ref ...
Compounds of the metallic elements usually form simple aqua ions with the formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+ in low oxidation states. With the higher oxidation states the simple aqua ions dissociate losing hydrogen ions to yield complexes that contain both water molecules and hydroxide or oxide ions, such as the vanadium(IV) species [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+. In ...
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
The nuclear charge; oxidation number; The screening effect of the inner shells; The extent to which the outermost electron penetrates into the charge cloud set up by the inner lying electron; In the periodic table, effective nuclear charge decreases down a group and increases left to right across a period.