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Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime. Some programming languages also possess that capability (e.g., Java, Python, Julia, and Go).
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
The same dichotomy between instance and class members applies to methods ("member functions") as well. Each instance variable lives in memory for the lifetime of the object it is owned by. [5] Instance variables are properties of that object.
In computer science, interning is re-using objects of equal value on-demand instead of creating new objects. This creational pattern [1] is frequently used for numbers and strings in different programming languages. In many object-oriented languages such as Python, even primitive types such as integer numbers are objects. To avoid the overhead ...
Java [4] all non-object types, including (e.g.) booleans and numbers: all object types, including (e.g.) arrays C++: all data types, except reference types, array types and function types: arrays and functions C# [5] all non-object types, including structures and enumerations as well as primitive types: all object-types, including both classes ...
In Python, Java [5]: 80 and the .NET Framework, strings are immutable objects. Both Java and the .NET Framework have mutable versions of string. In Java [5]: 84 these are StringBuffer and StringBuilder (mutable versions of Java String) and in .NET this is StringBuilder (mutable version of .Net String). Python 3 has a mutable string (bytes ...
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
In object oriented programming, objects provide a layer which can be used to separate internal from external code and implement abstraction and encapsulation. External code can only use an object by calling a specific instance method with a certain set of input parameters, reading an instance variable, or writing to an instance variable.