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In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways.
Discrimination between in-groups and out-groups is a matter of favoritism towards an in-group and the absence of equivalent favoritism towards an out-group. [22] Out-group derogation is the phenomenon in which an out-group is perceived as being threatening to the members of an in-group. [23]
Greenwald, who was a student of Gordon Allport, has also investigated in-group favoritism as it relates to discrimination [104] and implicit social bias across a variety of topics including effects on medical school admissions and stereotype formation among young children. [105]
A large body of research in meaningful 'real-world' contexts lends support to the applicability of the common ingroup identity model. In a diverse range of intergroup situations, it has been demonstrated that the conditions specified by the contact hypothesis (i.e. cooperative interaction) reduce intergroup bias through transforming members' representations of separate group memberships to one ...
Favoritism or favouritism may refer to: In-group favoritism, a pattern of favoring members of one's own group Cronyism, partiality in awarding advantages to friends or trusted colleagues; Nepotism, favoritism granted to relatives and family members; Outgroup favoritism, positive regard for groups to which one does not belong
Cronyism is a specific form of in-group favoritism, the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations. [1]
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Prejudice against certain groups of people is rooted in groupism whereby conclusions or attitude about a group of people is drawn without evaluating the evidence and often leads to discrimination which refers to the behaviour of treating other groups in a different way than one's own group. [9] In-group bias: The tendency to favor members of ...