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It may result from blunt impact on the face, forehead, back of the head, or from front-to-back crushing forces. [6] Transverse fracture: This type divides the base of the skull into a front and rear half. It occurs from impact on either side of the head or from side-to-side compression.
A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
This is almost always caused by impact trauma such as a hard fall or a car crash. If the temporal bone is affected, one of the following may co-occur: Auricular cerebrospinal fluid discharge; Dizziness; Bruises around the eyes or behind the ears; Facial weakness; Difficulty seeing, smelling, or hearing
Bruise colors vary from red, blue, or almost black, depending on the severity of broken capillaries or blood vessels within the bruise site. Broken venules or arterioles often result in a deep blue or dark red bruise, respectively. Darker colored bruises may result from a more severe bleeding from both blood vessels.
Commonly injured facial bones include the nasal bone (the nose), the maxilla (the bone that forms the upper jaw), and the mandible (the lower jaw). The mandible may be fractured at its symphysis, body, angle, ramus, and condyle. [4] The zygoma (cheekbone) and the frontal bone (forehead) are other sites for fractures. [13]
Radial head fracture; Radial head fracture (red arrow) with posterior and anterior sail sign (blue arrows) Specialty: Orthopedic: Symptoms: Pain or tenderness over the radial head; bruising; swelling; limited range of motion. Causes: Fall on an outstretched arm: Diagnostic method: Based on of clinical symptoms and medical imaging: Treatment
Unlike a broken bone where trauma to the body is obvious, head trauma can sometimes be conspicuous or inconspicuous. In the case of an open head injury, the skull is cracked and broken by an object that makes contact with the brain. This leads to bleeding. Other obvious symptoms can be neurological in nature.
Head imaging, using either CT or MRI, can be useful for differentiating subgaleal hemorrhage from other sources of cranial bleeding. Head ultrasound is useful for the diagnosis of SGH in the hands of an operator experienced in imaging the neonatal head and scalp, and is preferable to CT due to lack of ionizing radiation.