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Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
The fixed-dose procedure (FDP), proposed in 1992 by the British Toxicology Society, is a method to assess a substance's acute oral toxicity. [1] [2]In comparison to the older LD 50 test developed in 1927, this procedure produces similar results while using fewer animals and causing less pain and suffering. [3]
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), category 4; Skin irritation, categories 2, 3; Eye irritation, category 2A; Skin sensitization, category 1; Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure, category 3 Respiratory tract irritation; Narcotic effects; Not used [3] with the "skull and crossbones" pictogram; for skin or eye ...
Although acute or less observable chronic poisoning can also occur in non-target organisms (secondary poisoning), including the humans who apply the biocides and other beneficial organisms. [14] For example, the herbicide 2,4-D imitates the action of a plant hormone, which makes its lethal toxicity specific to plants. Indeed, 2,4-D is not a ...
Acute aquatic toxicity indicates the intrinsic property of a material of causing injury to an aquatic organism in a short-term exposure. Substances and mixtures of this hazard class are assigned to one of three toxicity categories on the basis of acute toxicity data: LC 50 or EC 50 or ErC 50 (for algae or other aquatic plants). These acute ...
Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. [1]
Acute toxicity (skull and crossbones) Hazardous to environment (dead tree and fish) Health hazard/hazardous to the ozone layer (exclamation mark) Serious health hazard (cross on a human silhouette) Gas under pressure (gas cylinder) These pictographs are also subdivided into class and categories for each classification. [13]