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Mesothelin is a 40 kDa protein that is expressed in mesothelial cells. [7] The protein was first identified by its reactivity with monoclonal antibody K1. [8] Subsequent cloning studies showed that the mesothelin gene encodes a precursor protein that is processed to yield mesothelin which is attached to the cell membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol linkage and a 31-kDa shed fragment named ...
The level of soluble mesothelin-related protein is elevated in the serum of about 75% of patients at diagnosis and it has been suggested that it may be useful for screening. [70] Doctors have begun testing the Mesomark assay, which measures levels of soluble mesothelin-related proteins (SMRPs) released by mesothelioma cells. [71]
Several tumour biomarkers (soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP), [17] osteopontin [18] and fibulin3 [19]) have been evaluated for diagnostic purposes to allow early detection of this disease. Novel biomarkers such as volatile organic compounds measured in exhaled breath are also promising.
Other in vitro studies have found EGF to also cause substantial lowering of DNA replication and protein synthesis. [5] The A431 lines engineered to express tumor antigens such as mesothelin [6] and GPC3 [7] have been made as cell models to test cancer therapeutics.
Amatuximab (development code MORAb-009) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. [1] It was developed by Morphotek, Inc. . Amatuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to mesothelin (a protein that is made by some cancer cells) and stops the cells from dividing.
Another immunotoxin, SS1P, [18] targets the mesothelin antigen. Mesothelin was discovered by Pastan and his colleague Mark Willingham and is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, because it is expressed on many cancers: mesothelioma, ovarian, lung, pancreatic stomach cancers and cholangiocarcinoma, but not on essential organs.
Technically, CAT-3888 is an anti-CD22 immunotoxin fusion protein between a murine anti-CD22 disulfide-linked Fv (dsFv) antibody fragment and an edited copy of bacterial Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38. The toxin is activated intracellularly, by the low pH of the lysosome into which the entire protein was internalized via the CD22 receptor.
Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte cell involved in the innate immune system's response to viral infection and tumor transformation of host cells. [20] [7] Like T cells, NK cells have many qualities characteristic of the adaptive immune system, including the production of “memory” cells that persist following encounter with antigens and the ability to create a secondary ...
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