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In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
In analytic number theory and related branches of mathematics, a complex-valued arithmetic function: is a Dirichlet character of modulus (where is a positive integer) if for all integers and : [1] χ ( a b ) = χ ( a ) χ ( b ) ; {\displaystyle \chi (ab)=\chi (a)\chi (b);} that is, χ {\displaystyle \chi } is completely multiplicative .
Divisor function σ 0 (n) up to n = 250 Sigma function σ 1 (n) up to n = 250 Sum of the squares of divisors, σ 2 (n), up to n = 250 Sum of cubes of divisors, σ 3 (n) up to n = 250. In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetic function related to the divisors of an integer.
a composite number has more than just 1 and itself as divisors; that is, d(n) > 2; a highly composite number has a number of positive divisors that is greater than any lesser number; that is, d(n) > d(m) for every positive integer m < n. Counterintuitively, the first two highly composite numbers are not composite numbers.
Perl, Python (only modern versions) choose the remainder with the same sign as the divisor d. [6] Scheme offer two functions, remainder and modulo – Ada and PL/I have mod and rem, while Fortran has mod and modulo; in each case, the former agrees in sign with the dividend, and the latter with the divisor.
A divisor of that is not a trivial divisor is known as a non-trivial divisor (or strict divisor [6]). A nonzero integer with at least one non-trivial divisor is known as a composite number , while the units −1 and 1 and prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors.
A divisor d of n is a bi-unitary divisor if the greatest common unitary divisor of d and n/d is 1. This concept originates from D. Suryanarayana (1972). [The number of bi-unitary divisors of an integer, in The Theory of Arithmetic Functions, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 251: 273–282, New York, Springer–Verlag].
The Euclidean algorithm is based on the principle that the greatest common divisor of two numbers does not change if the larger number is replaced by its difference with the smaller number. For example, 21 is the GCD of 252 and 105 (as 252 = 21 × 12 and 105 = 21 × 5), and the same number 21 is also the GCD of 105 and 252 − 105 = 147. Since ...