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Nitrofurantoin cannot be used to treat infections other than simple cystitis. At the concentrations achieved in urine (>100 μg/mL), nitrofurantoin is a bactericide. It is bacteriostatic against most susceptible organisms at concentrations less than 32 μg/mL. [9] Nitrofurantoin and the quinolone antibiotics are mutually antagonistic in vitro ...
Chemical structure of nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin is regarded as the first-line agent for simple cystitis, with an efficacy rate ranging from 88% to 92%. [9] It can also be a prophylactic agent to prevent long-term UTIs. [10] This antibacterial medication is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. [11]
Dark brown or tea-colored: Urine that looks dark brown or like tea could be a sign that you’re not drinking enough water. If you’ve been drinking plenty of fluids and your urine is still dark ...
In some cases, a drug can cause the immune system to mistakenly think the body's own red blood cells are dangerous, foreign substances. Antibodies then develop against the red blood cells. The antibodies attach to red blood cells and cause them to break down too early. It is known that more than 150 drugs can cause this type of hemolytic anemia ...
Multiple myeloma—a type of cancer that forms in the plasma cells of your blood—can lead to extra protein in the urine and cause it to look foamy. Antibodies that are produced as a result of ...
While reddish pee can be due to eating certain types of produce — “some vegetables with vitamin B, rhubarb or beets can cause red urine,” notes Kim — a dark hue may represent blood in the ...
The signs and symptoms of abnormal urine color are shown as follows: Unexplained urine color other than straw-yellow has continued for a long time. [1] Once observe blood in urine. [1] Clear, dark-brown urine. [1] Risk factors of clinical abnormal urine color include elderly age, strenuous exercise, and family history of related diagnosis. [2]
Porphyria / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1]