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Classical pluralism is the view that politics and decision-making are located mostly in the framework of government but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence. The central question for classical pluralism is how power and influence are distributed in a political process. Groups of individuals try to maximize ...
Pluralism as a political philosophy is the diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. [1] While not all political pluralists advocate for a pluralist democracy , this is the most common stance, because democracy is often viewed as the most fair and ...
Pluralism (political philosophy), the acknowledgement of a diversity of political systems; Pluralism (political theory), belief that there should be diverse and competing centres of power in society; Legal pluralism, the existence of differing legal systems in a population or area; Pluralist democracy, a political system with more than one ...
In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970–1979), a pluralist democracy is described as a political system where there is more than one center of power. [1]Modern democracies are by definition pluralist as they allow freedom of association; however, pluralism may exist without democracy.
For example, multiple ethnic groups may each largely vote for ethnonationalist political parties, like Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plural democracies may be stable or unstable . According to Gabriel A. Almond , 'Continental European' plural democracies were inherently unstable due to the centrifugal forces of conflicting segmental interests, unlike ...
Consociationalism (/ k ən ˌ s oʊ ʃ i ˈ eɪ ʃ ən əl ɪ z əm / kən-SOH-shee-AY-shən-əl-iz-əm) is a form of democratic power sharing. [1] Political scientists define a consociational state as one which has major internal divisions along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines, but which remains stable due to consultation among the elites of these groups.
Some number of wasted votes by this definition is practically unavoidable, but plurality systems suffer from large numbers of wasted votes. For example, in the UK general election of 2005, 52% of votes were cast for losing candidates and 18% were excess votes, a total of 70% wasted votes. That is perhaps the most fundamental criticism of FPTP ...
According to the political pressure group Make Votes Matter, FPTP creates a powerful electoral incentive for large parties to target similar segments of voters with similar policies. The effect of this reduces political diversity in a country because the larger parties are incentivized to coalesce around similar policies. [8]