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[19] [14] The most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is a fractured bone, usually the tibia. [29] [30] Leg compartment syndrome occurs in 1% to 10% of tibial fractures. [6] It is strongly linked to tibial diaphysis fractures and other tibial injuries. [31]
A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome. It is also sometimes used to treat chronic compartment stress syndrome. The procedure has a very high rate of success, with the most common problem being accidental damage to a nearby nerve. A forearm fasciotomy prior to skin grafting.
Compartment syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, i.e., no diagnostic test conclusively proves its presence or absence, but direct measurement of the pressure in a fascial compartment, [11] and the difference between this pressure and the blood pressure, [22] may be used to assess its severity. High pressures in the compartment and a small ...
The lower leg is divided into four compartments by the interosseous membrane of the leg, the anterior intermuscular septum, the transverse intermuscular septum and the posterior intermuscular septum. [1] Each compartment contains connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels.
A shin splint, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, is pain along the inside edge of the shinbone due to inflammation of tissue in the area. [1] Generally this is between the middle of the lower leg and the ankle. [2] The pain may be dull or sharp, and is generally brought on by high-impact exercise that overloads the tibia. [1]
Abdominal compartment syndrome with visceral hypoperfusion is associated with severe burns of the abdomen and torso. Due to the primarily diaphragmatic breathing done by children, anterior burns may be enough to warrant an escharotomy. [ 2 ]
Every limb should be exposed to evaluate any other hidden injuries. Characteristics of the wound should be noted in detail. Neurology and the vascular status of the affected limb are important to rule out any nerve or blood vessels injuries. High index of suspicion of compartment syndrome should be maintained for leg and forearm fractures. [5]