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Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Common adverse effects of olanzapine, occurring from 1–10%, include: Gynecomastia [8]; Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (dose-dependent). Tends to produce less extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics but more extrapyramidal side effects than sertindole, clozapine and quetiapine.
Extrapyramidal symptoms including dyskinesias (acute & delayed) Dystonic reactions; Cogwheel rigidity; Emotional lability; Psychosis; Suicidal ideation; Ataxias; Transient difficulty with recall; Serotonin syndrome; Parkinsonism; Restless leg syndrome; Restlessness; Eye pain; Altered sense of smell; Photophobia; Pressure on eyes; Inner ear ...
Often the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are not apparent until the individual comes off of the antipsychotic drugs; however, when tardive dyskinesia worsens, the signs become visible. [24] Other dopamine antagonists and antiemetics can cause tardive dyskinesia, such as metoclopramide and promethazine, used to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
Haloperidol, a known cause of NMS: Specialty: Critical care medicine, neurology, psychiatry: Symptoms: High fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating [1] Complications: Rhabdomyolysis, high blood potassium, kidney failure, seizures [1] [2] Usual onset: Within a few weeks or days [3] Causes: Antipsychotic medication [1 ...
Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways. Atypicals are less likely than haloperidol—the most widely used typical antipsychotic—to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities in patients such as unsteady Parkinson's disease–type movements, body rigidity, and involuntary tremors.
Sedation is very common, and extrapyramidal side effects are common and include restlessness, dystonic reactions, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people.
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate , involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.