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Carbon tissue was a stock item in Europe and the US well into the 20th century, [1] but by the 1950s carbon printing was very rare and supplies for it became an exotic specialty item. Some companies produced small quantities of carbon tissue and transfer papers for monochrome and three-color work until around 1990.
Agfacolor. Ap-41 process (pre-1978 Agfa color slides; 1978-1983 was a transition period when Agfa slowly changed their color slide films from AP-41 to E6); Anthotype; Autochrome Lumière, 1903
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Thermal-transfer printing is done by melting wax within the print heads of a specialized printer. The thermal-transfer print process utilises three main components: a non-movable print head, a carbon ribbon (the ink) and a substrate to be printed, which would typically be paper, synthetics, card or textile materials.
Although the name "hecto-graph" implies production of 100 copies, in reality the gelatin process produced print runs of somewhere between 20 and 80 copies, depending upon the skill of the user and the quality of the original. At least eight different colors of hectographic ink were available at one time, but purple was the most popular because ...
Carbon tissue is a gelatin-based emulsion used as a photoresist in the chemical etching (photoengraving) of gravure cylinders [1] for printing. This was introduced by British physicist and chemist Joseph Swan [2] [3] in 1864. [4] It has been used in photographic reproduction since the early days of photography. [5]
The printing cylinders are usually made from copper plated steel, which is subsequently chromed, and may be produced by diamond engraving; etching, or laser ablation. Gravure printing is known for its ability to produce high-quality, high-resolution images with accurate color reproduction and using viscosity control equipment during production.
These inks are commonly used for RFID systems, the traceability of certain products and are expected to develop in the medical, veterinary, agri-food, access control and security fields, anode and cathode printing (e.g. for "printable" enzyme batteries or for the printing of piezoelectric devices printed flexible or elastic recovering energy from movement based on organic materials P(VDF-TrFE).