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The equation expresses the fact that the first person has no one to share a birthday, the second person cannot have the same birthday as the first ( 364 / 365 ), the third cannot have the same birthday as either of the first two ( 363 / 365 ), and in general the n th birthday cannot be the same as any of the n − 1 preceding birthdays.
If these are all equally probable (the best case), then it would take 'only' approximately 5 billion attempts (5.38 × 10 9) to generate a collision using brute force. [8] This value is called birthday bound [ 9 ] and it could be approximated as 2 l /2 , where l is the number of bits in H. [ 10 ] Other examples are as follows:
A study using the populations of Denmark and Austria (a total of 2,052,680 deaths over the time period) found that although people's life span tended to correlate with their month of birth, there was no consistent birthday effect, and people born in autumn or winter were more likely to die in the months further from their birthday. [8]
Throughout history, societies have had numbers they consider special. [1] [2] For example, in ancient Rome the number 7 was auspicious, [3] in Maya civilisation the number 13 was sacred, [4] in modern-day Japan people give three, five, or seven gifts for luck, and in China the number 8 is considered lucky and 4 is avoided whenever possible. [5]
Some say it started in ancient Roman times when flowers were often gifted as a way to celebrate birthdays. Others attribute the custom to the Victorian era when flowers were often given meaning ...
While they have useful mathematical properties, they can produce counter-intuitive results: an event with an 80% probability of occurring is four times more probable to happen than an event with a 20% probability, but the odds are 16 times higher on the less probable event (4–1 against, or 4) than on the more probable one (1–4, or 4–1 on ...
According to research published this week in the journal BMJ, babies born in October are more likely to be vaccinated for the flu and less likely to be diagnosed with it compared with children ...
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