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The theory of space exploration had a solid basis in the Russian Empire before the First World War with the writings of the Russian and Soviet rocket scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), who published pioneering papers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on astronautic theory, including calculating the Rocket equation and in 1929 introduced the concept of the multistaged rocket.
Sputnik 1 (/ ˈ s p ʌ t n ɪ k, ˈ s p ʊ t n ɪ k /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite.It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program.
Korabl-Sputnik 1 [3] (Russian: Корабль Спутник 1 meaning Vessel Satellite 1), also known as Sputnik 4 in the West, [2] was the first test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme, and the first Vostok spacecraft. It was launched on May 15, 1960. Though Korabl-Sputnik 1 was uncrewed, it was a precursor to the first human spaceflight ...
Launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory satellite 1992 US: Mars Observer: Mars: Failure: Mars Observer orbiter 1993 Japan: ASCA: Earth: Success: Launch of the ASCA (ASTRO-D) X-ray satellite Brazil: INPE: Earth: Success: Launch of the SCD-1, the oldest earth observation equipment still in operation. 1994 US: Clementine: Moon: Success
Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre: 20 December 2019 Guatemala: Quetzal-1: Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Guatemala Students from the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala: Falcon 9: Cape Canaveral SLC-40: 7 March 2020: Slovenia: TRISAT: University of Maribor: University of Maribor: Vega: Kourou: 3 September 2020 Launched on same rocket as first ...
The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM.On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit.
Russia's Soyuz rocket blasted off from its Plesetsk launch site some 500 miles (805 km) north of Moscow on May 16, deploying in low-Earth orbit at least nine satellites including COSMOS 2576, a ...
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, lit. ' East ' or ' Orient ') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit ...