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Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information. It is a component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory [ 1 ] (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM).
Sperling called this iconic memory. This was exemplified through Sperling's Iconic Memory Test, which involves having a grid of letters being flashed for 1/20 of a second. If individuals were prompted to recall a particular row immediately after the grid was shown, opposed to being asked to recall the entire grid, participants experienced ...
Iconic memory is the visual part of the sensory memory system. Iconic memory is responsible for visual priming , because it works very quickly and unconsciously . Iconic memory decays very quickly, but contains a very vivid image of the surrounding stimuli.
These findings suggest that iconic memory in humans has a large capacity, but decays very rapidly. [11] Another study set out to test the idea that visual sensory memory consists of coarse-grained and fine-grained memory traces using a mathematical model to quantify each.
Quiz bowl (quizbowl, [1] scholars' bowl, scholastic bowl, academic bowl, academic team, academic challenge, etc.) is a family of quiz-based competitions that test players on a wide variety of academic subjects.
The introduction of stimuli which were hard to verbalize, and unlikely to be held in long-term memory, revolutionized the study of VSTM in the early 1970s. [6] [7] [8] The basic experimental technique used required observers to indicate whether two matrices, [7] [8] or figures, [6] separated by a short temporal interval, were the same.
As with iconic memory, echoic memory only holds superficial aspects of sound (e.g. pitch, tempo, or rhythm) and it has a nearly limitless capacity. [16] Echoic memory is generally cited as having a duration of between 1.5 and 5 seconds depending on context [16] [17] [18] but has been shown to last up to 20 seconds in the absence of competing ...
A short-term memory model proposed by Nelson Cowan attempts to address this problem by describing a verbal sensory memory input and storage in more detail. It suggests a pre-attentive sensory storage system that can hold a large amount of accurate information over a short period of time and consists of an initial phase input of 200-400ms and a ...