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The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present). One scale measures the density of liquids heavier than water and ...
He devised many improvements in technical processes, e.g. for bleaching silk, dyeing, gilding, purifying saltpetre, etc., but he is best known as the inventor of the Baumé scale hydrometer or "spindle" which provides scientific measurements for the density of liquids. The scale remains associated with his name but is often improperly spelt ...
Hydrometers in the U.S. had been manufactured and distributed widely with a modulus of 141.5 instead of the Baumé scale modulus of 140. The scale was so firmly established that, by 1921, the remedy implemented by the American Petroleum Institute was to create the API gravity scale, recognizing the scale that was actually being used.
The four scales are often used interchangeably since the differences are minor. Brix is primarily used in fruit juice, wine making, carbonated beverage industry, starch and the sugar industry. Plato is primarily used in brewing. Balling appears on older saccharimeters and is still used in the South African wine industry and in some breweries.
Degree Baumé, a pair of density scales; Degree Brix, a measure of sugar concentration; Degree Gay-Lussac, a measure of the alcohol content of a liquid by volume, ranging from 0° to 100° Degree proof, or simply proof, the alcohol content of a liquid, ranging from 0° to 175° in the UK, and from 0° to 200° in the U.S.
Palliser and Parry have examined about 100 scales and found that they can use them for locating B-strands on the surface of proteins. [32] Hydrophobicity scales were also used to predict the preservation of the genetic code. [33] Trinquier observed a new order of the bases that better reflect the conserved character of the genetic code. [3]
Here temperature is being specified using the current ITS-90 scale and the densities [5] used here and in the rest of this article are based on that scale. On the previous IPTS-68 scale the densities [ 6 ] at 20 °C and 4 °C are, respectively, 0.9982041 and 0.9999720 resulting in an RD (20 °C/4 °C) value for water of 0.99823205.
On this scale, a specific gravity of 1.000 is reported as 0, and a specific gravity of 2.000 is reported as 200. [1] For example, concentrated sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.8 has a Twaddell scale measurement of 160, reflecting the linear relationship between readings and specific gravity. The Twaddell scale is used exclusively for ...