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The stress and strain can be normal, shear, or a mixture, and can also be uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial, and can even change with time. The form of deformation can be compression, stretching, torsion, rotation, and so on. If not mentioned otherwise, stress–strain curve typically refers to the relationship between axial normal stress and ...
Young's modulus is the slope of the linear part of the stress–strain curve for a material under tension or compression.. Young's modulus (or Young modulus) is a mechanical property of solid materials that measures the tensile or compressive stiffness when the force is applied lengthwise.
Stress–strain analysis (or stress analysis) is an engineering discipline that uses many methods to determine the stresses and strains in materials and structures subjected to forces. In continuum mechanics , stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other ...
The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point bend fixture.
The strain can be decomposed into a recoverable elastic strain (ε e) and an inelastic strain (ε p). The stress at initial yield is σ 0 . Work hardening , also known as strain hardening , is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation.
Stress-strain curve: Plot the calculated stress versus the applied strain to create a stress-strain curve. The slope of the initial, linear portion of this curve gives Young's modulus. Mathematically, Young's modulus E is calculated using the formula E=σ/ϵ, where σ is the stress and ϵ is the strain. Shear modulus (G)
The point in the stress-strain curve at which the curve levels off and plastic deformation begins to occur. [13] Offset yield point (proof stress) When a yield point is not easily defined on the basis of the shape of the stress-strain curve an offset yield point is arbitrarily defined.
The Considère construction for prediction of the onset of necking, expressed as the point where the gradient of the true stress – nominal strain curve extrapolates back to a nominal strain of -1 at zero stress, for a material conforming to the Ludwik-Hollomon relationship, with the parameter values shown.