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Sub-MeV radiation from a nuclear explosion may be more important in (empty) space. Given this realization, during the 1960s [3] the U.S. military began to investigate whether military systems could be tested for their response to nuclear-weapon generated pulsed x-rays with flash x-ray machines. At the time these were fairly small, primarily ...
Radiological warfare is any form of warfare involving deliberate radiation poisoning or contamination of an area with radiological sources.. Radiological weapons are normally classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), [1] although radiological weapons can also be specific in whom they target, such as the radiation poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko by the Russian FSB, using radioactive ...
One of the most common gamma ray emitting isotopes used in diagnostic nuclear medicine, technetium-99m, produces gamma radiation of the same energy (140 keV) as that produced by diagnostic X-ray machines, but of significantly lower energy than therapeutic photons from linear particle accelerators. In the medical community today, the convention ...
All nuclear weapons up to about 10 kilotons in yield have prompt neutron radiation [2] as their furthest-reaching lethal component. For standard weapons above about 10 kilotons of yield, the lethal blast and thermal effects radius begins to exceed the lethal ionizing radiation radius.
Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), [1] especially for environments in outer space (especially beyond low Earth orbit), around nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear ...
The medical effects of the atomic bomb upon humans can be put into the four categories below, with the effects of larger thermonuclear weapons producing blast and thermal effects so large that there would be a negligible number of survivors close enough to the center of the blast who would experience prompt/acute radiation effects, which were observed after the 16 kiloton yield Hiroshima bomb ...
Gamma rays and electron beams could be used on plastic waste to turn it into plastic and pellets that can be recycled or up-cycled, experts believe. Nuclear gamma ray technology ‘could help to ...
Neutron activation is the only common way that a stable material can be induced into becoming intrinsically radioactive. Activation is inherently different than contamination. Neutrons are only free in quantity in the microseconds of a nuclear weapon's explosion, in an active nuclear reactor, or in a spallation neutron source.