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The dominance frontier of a node d is the set of all nodes n i such that d dominates an immediate predecessor of n i, but d does not strictly dominate n i. It is the set of nodes where d 's dominance stops. A dominator tree is a tree where each node's children are those nodes it immediately dominates. The start node is the root of the tree.
The following example illustrates a dihybrid cross between two double-heterozygote pea plants. R represents the dominant allele for shape (round), while r represents the recessive allele (wrinkled). A represents the dominant allele for color (yellow), while a represents the recessive allele (green).
The word pedigree is a corruption of the Anglo-Norman French pé de grue or "crane's foot", either because the typical lines and split lines (each split leading to different offspring of the one parent line) resemble the thin leg and foot of a crane [3] or because such a mark was used to denote succession in pedigree charts.
There are graph families in which γ(G) = i(G), that is, every minimum maximal independent set is a minimum dominating set. For example, γ(G) = i(G) if G is a claw-free graph. [6] A graph G is called a domination-perfect graph if γ(H) = i(H) in every induced subgraph H of G. Since an induced subgraph of a claw-free graph is claw-free, it ...
An edge dominating set for G is a dominating set for its line graph L(G) and vice versa. Any maximal matching is always an edge dominating set. Figures (b) and (d) are examples of maximal matchings. Furthermore, the size of a minimum edge dominating set equals the size of a minimum maximal matching. A minimum maximal matching is a minimum edge ...
Another example is plant self-incompatibility alleles. When two plants share the same incompatibility allele, they are unable to mate. Thus, a plant with a new (and therefore, rare) allele has more success at mating, and its allele spreads quickly through the population. [9] A similar example is the csd alleles of the honey bee. A larva that is ...
Three different types of genetic selection. On each graph, the x-axis variable is the type of phenotypic trait and the y-axis variable is the amount of organisms. Group A is the original population and Group B is the population after selection. Top (Graph 1) represents directional selection with one extreme favored.
A connected dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices with two properties: . Any node in D can reach any other node in D by a path that stays entirely within D.That is, D induces a connected subgraph of G.