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ATP is quantified by measuring the light produced through its reaction with the naturally occurring firefly enzyme luciferase using a luminometer. The amount of light produced is directly proportional to the amount of ATP present in the sample. ATP tests can be used to: Control biological treatment reactors; Guide biocide dosing programs
The ATP Assay Concept is a well-known technique for determining the viability of cells using the assessment of ATP and a method known as "firefly luciferase". [ 5 ] Sodium-potassium ratio: Another kind of assay practices the examination of the ratio of potassium to sodium in cells to serve as an index of viability.
TNP-ATP is a fluorescent molecule that is able to determine whether a protein binds to ATP, and the constants associated with that binding. It is primarily used in fluorescence spectroscopy , but is also very useful as an acceptor molecule in FRET , and as a fluorescent probe in fluorescence microscopy and X-ray crystallography .
Variations in the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the test object, and the presence of defects causes a change in eddy current and a corresponding change in phase and amplitude that can be detected by measuring the impedance changes in the coil, which is a telltale sign of the presence of defects. [5]
This is usually to accumulate high concentrations of molecules that a cell needs, such as glucose or amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it is called primary active transport. Membrane transport proteins that are driven directly by the hydrolysis of ATP are referred to as ATPase pumps. [9]
The peptide-binding pocket is formed by TAP-1 and TAP-2. Association with TAP is an ATP-independent event, ‘in a fast bimolecular association step, peptide binds to TAP, followed by a slow isomerisation of the TAP complex’. [5] It is suggested that the conformational change in structure triggers ATP hydrolysis and so initiates peptide ...
F 1 is composed of 5 polypeptide units α3β3γδε that bind to the surface of the F o domain. [1] F-ATPases usually work as ATP synthases instead of ATPases in cellular environments. That is to say, it usually makes ATP from the proton gradient instead of working in the other direction like V-ATPases typically do.
SportMaster Sport Surfaces is a tennis hardcourt surface made from multiple layers of acrylic, silica sand, and other constituents. The system is applied on an asphalt or concrete substrate, and can be used indoor or outdoors in any climate. SportMaster Sport Surfaces are manufactured by ThorWorks Industries, Inc.