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Research transparency is a major aspect of scientific research. It covers a variety of scientific principles and practices: reproducibility, data and code sharing, citation standards or verifiability. The definitions and norms of research transparency significantly differ depending on the disciplines and fields of research.
Accountability in Research is devoted to the examination and critical analysis of practices and systems for promoting integrity in the conduct of research. It provides an interdisciplinary, international forum for the development of ethics, procedures, standards, policies, and concepts to encourage the ethical conduct of research and to enhance the validity of research results.
Data transparency (2) Analytic methods transparency (3) Research materials transparency (4) with all the relevant data, code and research materials stored on a "trusted repository" and all analysis being already reproduced independently prior to publication. [56] Design and analysis transparency (5) with dedicated standards for "review and ...
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
Multimethodology or multimethod research includes the use of more than one method of data collection or research in a research study or set of related studies.Mixed methods research is more specific in that it includes the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods, methodologies, and/or paradigms in a research study or set of related studies.
Accountability and transparency are of high relevance for non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In view of their responsibilities to stakeholders, including donors, sponsors, programme beneficiaries, staff, states and the public, they are considered to be of even greater importance to them than to commercial undertakings. [ 12 ]
The phrases "algorithmic transparency" and "algorithmic accountability" [2] are sometimes used interchangeably – especially since they were coined by the same people – but they have subtly different meanings. Specifically, "algorithmic transparency" states that the inputs to the algorithm and the algorithm's use itself must be known, but ...
In 1966, an early meta-research paper examined the statistical methods of 295 papers published in ten high-profile medical journals. [3] It found that "in almost 73% of the reports read ... conclusions were drawn when the justification for these conclusions was invalid." Meta-research in the following decades found many methodological flaws ...