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Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a ...
Many concurrent programming languages have been developed more as research languages (e.g. Pict) rather than as languages for production use. However, languages such as Erlang, Limbo, and occam have seen industrial use at various times in the last 20 years. A non-exhaustive list of languages which use or provide concurrent programming facilities:
Kotlin, however kotlin.native.concurrent.Future is only usually used when writing Kotlin that is intended to run natively [35] Nim; Oxygene; Oz version 3 [36] Python concurrent.futures, since 3.2, [37] as proposed by the PEP 3148, and Python 3.5 added async and await [38] R (promises for lazy evaluation, still single threaded) Racket [39] Raku [40]
Due to Python’s Global Interpreter Lock, local threads provide parallelism only when the computation is primarily non-Python code, which is the case for Pandas DataFrame, Numpy arrays or other Python/C/C++ based projects. Local process A multiprocessing scheduler leverages Python’s concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor to execute computations.
Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [55] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
In computer science, communicating sequential processes (CSP) is a formal language for describing patterns of interaction in concurrent systems. [1] It is a member of the family of mathematical theories of concurrency known as process algebras, or process calculi, based on message passing via channels.
The fork–join model from the 1960s, embodied by multiprocessing tools like OpenMP, is an early example of a system ensuring all threads have completed before exit.. However, Smith argues that this model is not true structured concurrency as the programming language is unaware of the joining behavior, and is thus unable to enforce
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game site warns against over-generalizing from benchmark data, but contains a large number of micro-benchmarks of reader-contributed code snippets, with an interface that generates various charts and tables comparing specific programming languages and types of tests. [56]