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The hypoid gear places the pinion off-axis to the crown wheel (ring gear) which allows the pinion to be larger in diameter and have more contact area. In hypoid gear design, the pinion and gear are practically always of opposite hand, and the spiral angle of the pinion is usually larger than that of the gear.
Larger ring and pinion versus the "14-bolt" axle, although the pinion lacks support bearings similar to the 14-bolt design. Selectable locking differential available on the 2014–present Ram Power Wagon. 11.8 AAM axle, optioned on Ram 3500 trucks with the High Output package
There are two issues regarding tooth shape. One is the cross-sectional profile of the individual tooth. The other is the line or curve on which the tooth is set on the face of the gear: in other words the line or curve along which the cross-sectional profile is projected to form the actual three-dimensional shape of the tooth.
In many cases, such as remote controlled toys, the pinion is also the drive gear for a reduction in speed, since electric motors operate at higher speed and lower torque than desirable at the wheels. However the reverse is true in watches, where gear trains commence with a high-torque, low-speed spring and terminate in the fast-and-weak escapement.
There are three pinion offsets for the Dana 70 rear axle. 1 ⁄ 2, 5 ⁄ 8 and 31 ⁄ 32 inch (13, 16 and 25 mm) offset. The first Dana 70 axles had a 1 ⁄ 2-inch (13 mm) pinion offset and were found in Dana 70HD's as well. The drawback with the 1 / 2-inch offset was that a 4.10:1
Whereas a regular (nonhypoid) ring-and-pinion gear set is suitable for many applications, it is not ideal for vehicle drive trains because it generates more noise and vibration than a hypoid does. Bringing hypoid gears to market for mass-production applications was an engineering improvement of the 1920s.
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A face gear set typically consists of a disk-shaped gear, grooved on at least one face, in combination with a spur, helical, or conical pinion. A face gear has a planar pitch surface and a planar root surface, both of which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation. [1]