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Constituency is a one-to-one-or-more relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to one or more nodes in the tree diagram. Dependency, in contrast, is a one-to-one relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to exactly one node in the tree diagram. Both parse trees employ the convention where the category acronyms (e.g. N, NP, V, VP ...
Though the prototypical prepositional phrase consists of a noun phrase complement following a preposition, prepositions can take a wider variety of complements than just noun phrases. [ 14 ] : 603–606 English prepositions can also take clauses , adjective phrases , adverb phrases , and other prepositional phrases as complements, though they ...
The latter is not always used to indicate location, while other cases may also be used to specify location (e.g. the genitive case, as in у окна, u okna ("by the window")). Statements such as в библиотеке , v biblioteke ("in the library") or на Аляске , na Aljaske ("in Alaska "), demonstrate the use of the prepositional ...
An adverb phrase may have an adverb as its head, together with any modifiers (other adverbs or adverb phrases) and complements, analogously to the adjective phrases described above. For example: very sleepily; all too suddenly; oddly enough; perhaps shockingly for us. Another very common type of adverb phrase is the prepositional phrase, which ...
The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions.
For example, the word home is itself a locative adverb in a sentence like "I took him home today" or "I found him home today"; in the former case, it is equivalent to the phrase "to home", and in the latter to the phrase "at home". Pro-form locative adverbs generally form a closed class and are particularly important in a language.
The underlined phrases in the following sentences are examples of prepositional phrases in English. The prepositions are in bold: a. She walked to his desk. b. Ryan could see her in the room. c. David walked on top of the building. d. They walked up the stairs. e. Philip ate in the kitchen. f. Charlotte walked inside the house. g. As a student ...
What this means is that for phrase structure rules to be applicable at all, one has to pursue a constituency-based understanding of sentence structure. The constituency relation is a one-to-one-or-more correspondence. For every word in a sentence, there is at least one node in the syntactic structure that corresponds to that word.