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Romans 9 is the ninth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle , while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD, [ 1 ] with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius , who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22 . [ 2 ]
Unconditional election (also called sovereign election [1] or unconditional grace) is a Calvinist doctrine relating to predestination that describes the actions and motives of God prior to his creation of the world, when he predestined some people to receive salvation, the elect, and the rest he left to continue in their sins and receive the just punishment, eternal damnation, for their ...
Lenski was born on September 14, 1864, in Greifenberg, Brandenburg-Prussia (now Gryfice, [1] Poland).In 1872 he emigrated to the United States. He was educated at Capital University and its Theological Department, which were institutions of the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio.
Many Calvinists reject both lapsarian views for various reasons. Herman Bavinck rejected both because he sees the entire system of God's plan of salvation as organic, with each part mutually dependent and determinative, rather than some parts "causing" others.
Karl Barth (/ b ɑːr t, b ɑːr θ /; [1] German:; () 10 May 1886 – () 10 December 1968) was a Swiss Reformed theologian.Barth is best known for his commentary The Epistle to the Romans, his involvement in the Confessing Church, including his authorship (except for a single phrase) of the Barmen Declaration, [2] [3] and especially his unfinished multi-volume theological summa the Church ...
According to tradition, Arminius' study of the Scriptures led him to conclude that the Bible did not support Calvinism. [16] Other scholars believe that Arminius never accepted Beza's views, even while a student at Geneva. [17] Arminius avoided adding to the controversy apart from two incidents regarding sermons on Romans 7 and Romans 9.
Oropeza goes on to add that if Paul is addressing the assurance of election to final salvation in Romans 8:28-39, then this promise appears to be tied to a community rather than individuals per se. First, as in 1 Corinthians 10, Paul's employs the Deuteronomic tradition as a background for his arguments in Romans chapters 9-11.
The Word Biblical Commentary (WBC) is a series of commentaries in English on the text of the Bible both Old and New Testament.It is currently published by the Zondervan Publishing Company.