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High volume hyponatremia can occur from heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. [4] Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high blood protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar. [5] [6] Treatment is based on the underlying cause. [4]
Doing so lessens the chance of increaseing the serum sodium level too rapidly as blood volume rises and ADH levels fall. [citation needed] In people who are volume depleted (e.g., their blood volume is too low), ADH secretion is increased since volume depletion is a potent stimulus for ADH secretion.
The first is dehydration along with low total body sodium. This is most commonly caused by heatstroke, burns, extreme sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea. [3] The second is low total body water with normal body sodium. This can be caused by diabetes insipidus, renal disease, hypothalamic dysfunction, sickle cell disease, and certain drugs. [3]
Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory findings of low serum osmolality and low serum sodium. [13] Urinalysis reveals a highly concentrated urine with a high fractional excretion of sodium (high sodium urine content compared to the serum sodium). [14] A suspected diagnosis is based on a serum sodium under 138.
Also, similarly to HRS, pre-renal kidney failure causes the formation of urine that has a very low sodium concentration. In contrast to HRS, however, pre-renal kidney failure usually responds to treatment with intravenous fluids, resulting in reduction in serum creatinine and increased excretion of sodium. [3]
Opting for low-sodium foods, defined as 140 mg of sodium or less per serving, can help keep your salt intake at bay. Even choosing items labeled "reduced sodium" or "no salt added" can make a ...
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