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Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are a class of enzymes that function to catalyze the initial step in each cycle of fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria of cells.Their action results in the introduction of a trans double-bond between C2 (α) and C3 (β) of the acyl-CoA thioester substrate. [1]
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACADS gene. [5] This gene encodes a tetrameric mitochondrial flavoprotein, which is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. This enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway.
acyl-P + HS-CoA → acyl-S-CoA + P i + H + Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. [3] For example, the substrates for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase are 4-11 carbon fatty acids. [4] The enzyme acyl-CoA thioesterase takes of the acyl-CoA to form a free fatty acid and coenzyme A. [4]
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA, NADPH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase.
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACADL gene. [5] ACADL is a gene that encodes LCAD - acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain - which is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family is primarily responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids within the mitochondria ...
Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAD8 gene on chromosome 11. [5] [6]The protein encoded by ACAD8 is a mitochondrial protein belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes, which function to catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branched-chain amino acids.
a long-chain acyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein a long-chain trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein This enzyme contains FAD as prosthetic group and participates in fatty acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway. [ 6 ]
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. Substrate specificity is the primary characteristic used to define members of this gene family.