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Social perception (or interpersonal perception) is the study of how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people as sovereign personalities. [1] Social perception refers to identifying and utilizing social cues to make judgments about social roles, rules, relationships, context, or the characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) of others.
However, the model's dimensions – warmth and competence – have a long history in psychology literature. In particular, Rosenberg, Nelson, and Vivekananthan's 1968 theory of social judgments, which included social (good/bad) and intellectual (good/bad), was an early version of the warmth competence dimensions. [17]
Steven Neuberg. Steven L. Neuberg is an American experimental social psychologist whose research has contributed to topics pertaining to person perception, [1] impression formation, [2] stereotyping, [3] prejudice, [4] self-fulfilling prophecies, [5] stereotype threat, [6] and prosocial behavior. [7]
If stereotypes are defined by social values, then stereotypes only change as per changes in social values. [6] The suggestion that stereotype content depends on social values reflects Walter Lippman 's argument in his 1922 publication that stereotypes are rigid because they cannot be changed at will.
Self-stereotyping has also been characterized as an overlap between how a person represents their ingroup and how they represent the self. [2] Prior to self-stereotyping, one experiences depersonalization, the process of shedding one's unique identity to merge it with the group identity of the in-group while simultaneously separating themselves from the out-group.
The stereotype content model (SCM) is a psychological theory arguing that people tend to perceive social groups along two fundamental dimensions: warmth and competence. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] Warmth describes the group's perceived intent (friendly and trustworthy or not); competence describes their perceived ability to act on their intent. [ 24 ]
Kunda and Thagard contrasted their theory with the continuum model, criticizing the continuum model for its "alleged serial nature" as well as the "priority given to social stereotype information over individuating information." [1] [5] [7] The alleged differences between the two models are much less significant than they appear.
A variant of stereotype boost is stereotype lift, which is people achieving better performance because of exposure to negative stereotypes about other social groups. [ 17 ] Some researchers have suggested that stereotype threat should not be interpreted as a factor in real-life performance gaps, and have raised the possibility of publication bias .