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Beauty in ancient Greece (800 – 300 B.C.E.) was referred to as κάλλος. The history of ancient Greek aesthetics spans centuries. The history of ancient Greek aesthetics spans centuries. Philosophical theories of beauty through this era are proportion, functionality and form.
The first important contributions to aesthetic theory are usually considered to stem from philosophers in Ancient Greece, among which the most noticeable are Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus. When interpreting writings from this time, it is worth noticing that it is debatable whether an exact equivalent to the term beauty existed in classical ...
In terms of female human beauty, a woman whose appearance conforms to these tenets is still called a "classical beauty" or said to possess a "classical beauty", whilst the foundations laid by Greek and Roman artists have also supplied the standard for male beauty and female beauty in western civilization as seen, for example, in the Winged ...
Greek coins are the only art form from the ancient Greek world which can still be bought and owned by private collectors of modest means. The most widespread coins, used far beyond their native territories and copied and forged by others, were the Athenian tetradrachm , issued from c. 510 to c. 38 BC , and in the Hellenistic age the Macedonian ...
The word canon (from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn) 'measuring rod, standard') was first used for this type of rule in Classical Greece, where it set a reference standard for body proportions, to produce a harmoniously formed figure appropriate to depict gods or kings. Other art styles have similar rules that apply particularly to the ...
Cosmetics are also mentioned in the book of Esther, where beauty treatments are described. Both sexes used cosmetics throughout the pre-Islamic Near East, going back to the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, and Iran. [13] Eye makeup in the form of kohl, were used in Persia and what today is Iran from ancient periods. [14]
[62] [63] Greek visual art usually showed women as white, much lighter than the typical male. [67] As a goddess of beauty, Aphrodite was usually given very white skin in both graphic and textual art. [37] Whiteness was generally seen as a desirable part of femininity in Ancient Greek culture.
Ideas of beauty from conquered peoples, especially the Greeks and Egyptians, greatly influenced the Roman paradigm of beauty. [10] Unlike their eastern trading partners however, the Romans felt that only the "preservation of beauty" was acceptable and not "unnatural embellishment".