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The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). [1] It arises in the pterygopalatine fossa . It passes through the inferior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. [ 2 ]
The nerves arise from the trunk of [citation needed] the maxillary nerve (CN V 2) within the pterygopalatine fossa [1]: 496 just before it enters the infraorbital groove. [citation needed] The nerve arises as a single trunk which split into 2-3 nerves within the pterygopalatine fossa. [1]: 496
Forming the exterior end of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen communicates with the infraorbital groove, the canal's opening on the interior side.. The ramifications of the three principal branches of the trigeminal nerve—at the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramen—are distributed on a vertical line (in anterior view) passing through the middle of the pupil.
The infraorbital groove (or sulcus) is located in the middle of the posterior part of the orbital surface of the maxilla. Its function is to act as the passage of the infraorbital artery , the infraorbital vein , and the infraorbital nerve .
The deep branches pass beneath the zygomaticus and the quadratus labii superioris, supplying them and forming an infraorbital plexus with the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve. These branches also supply the small muscles of the nose .
The infraorbital foramen contains the second division of the trigeminal nerve, the infraorbital nerve or V2, and sits on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Both foramina are crucial as potential pathways for cancer and infections of the orbit to spread into the brain or other deep facial structures.
the maxillary nerve (CN V 2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve), with which is the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic). To obtain block anesthesia of the entire second division of the trigeminal nerve, an ...
The clinically important structures surrounding the orbit include the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit as well as the superior orbital fissure which contains cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6 therefore controlling ocular muscles of eye movement. [15] Inferior to the orbit is the infraorbital nerve which is purely sensory.