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FOB (free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
On the other hand, the buyer pays cost of marine freight transportation, bill of lading fees, insurance, unloading and transportation cost from the arrival port to destination. Since Incoterms 1980 introduced the Incoterm FCA, FOB should only be used for non-containerized seafreight and inland waterway transport.
FOB pricing is utilized by larger businesses capable of arranging their own logistics and marketing intermediaries. [ 1 ] With a variation of the FOB pricing called FOB origin-freight allowed or freight absorbed , the terms allow buyers to subtract all or part of the cost of transportation from their bills.
If it is a destination contract (FOB (buyer's city)), then risk of loss is on the seller. If it is a delivery contract (standard, or FOB (seller's city)), then the risk of loss is on the buyer. In cases not covered by the foregoing rules, if the seller is a merchant, then the risk of loss shifts to the buyer upon buyer's "receipt" of the goods.
Standard Trading Conditions (STC) are standardized terms imposed by some countries for accepting cargo by shipping lines, airlines and logistics services providers like freight forwarders and customs agents. They are usually printed as the fine print behind the shipping documents like bill of lading, air way bill, or consignment note.
The main duty of the buyer is to pay the agreed purchase price of the vessel. Normally, the time of payment is not the essential factor unless there is an express clause in the contract. The buyer must also accept delivery under the Sale of Goods Act 1979, s27.