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The IBC's means of egress requirement implies that for tall buildings, at least two staircases connected by a corridor are always required. [18] Due to this restriction, the architectural floor plans of tall buildings that comply with the IBC are severely limited. [19]
Both the 2012 IBC and 2012 IRC require emergency escape and rescue openings for residential buildings of 4 floors or fewer, in sleeping rooms and basements with habitable space, for means of emergency egress.
It also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including "details of the means of egress, seating capacity, [and] arrangement of the seating...." [7] Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the total size of the venue, and its purpose.
The purpose of building codes is to provide minimum standards for safety, health, and general welfare including structural integrity, mechanical integrity (including sanitation, water supply, light, and ventilation), means of egress, fire prevention and control, and energy conservation. [9] [10] Building codes generally include:
Emergency exit in Universitetet metro station in Stockholm. An emergency exit in a building or other structure is a special exit used during emergencies such as fires.The combined use of regular and emergency exits allows for faster evacuation, and emergency exits provide alternative means of evacuation if regular exits are inaccessible.
Other standards, such as the IBC since 2012, [11] reference and require compliance with UL 294 (as of 2024, [12] either UL 294 or UL 1034) . The IBC references the UL standards for special locking arrangements, when egress requires the usage of special procedures, keys, or knowledge. [13]
An area of refuge or safe room [1] is a place in a building designed to hold occupants during a fire or other emergency when evacuation may not be safe or possible. Occupants can wait there until rescued or relieved by firefighters.
Rather than entering the stairwell directly from the building interior, one enters a smokeproof enclosure by means of an open-air balcony or alternatively, a so-called open vestibule, and proceeds thence, to the stairwell itself. [1]