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The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. [1] The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. [2]The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems.
Rumen fermentation produces large amounts of organic acids, thus maintaining the appropriate pH of rumen fluids is a critical factor in rumen fermentation. After digesta passes through the rumen, the omasum absorbs excess fluid so that digestive enzymes and acid in the abomasum are not diluted. [1]
Ovine forestomach matrix (OFM), marketed as AROA ECM, is a layer of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterial isolated from the propria submucosa of the rumen of sheep. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] OFM is used in tissue engineering and as a tissue scaffold for wound healing and surgical applications.
The first three chambers (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) are all lined with esophageal mucosa, [57] while the final chamber functions like a monogastric stomach, which is called the abomasum. In birds and crocodilians , the stomach is divided into two regions.
The function of the omasum is not completely understood. [5] During the second contraction phase of the reticulum, the reticule-omasal sphincter opens for a few seconds allowing a small volume of finely dispersed and well-fermented ingesta to enter the omasum.
The main function of the reticulum is to store higher-density particles and generate biphasic contraction for the separation of food particles governed by the large amount of water in the reticulum. In The internal anatomical structure of the reticulum, the Honeycomb resembles the classical organic benzene structure; it is the most favourite ...
The abomasum's normal anatomical location is along the ventral midline. It is a secretory stomach similar in anatomy and function to the monogastric stomach. It serves primarily in the acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
In plant anatomy, tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Epidermis – Cells forming the outer surface of the leaves and of the young plant body. Vascular tissue – The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These transport fluids and ...