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  2. Cesare Beccaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria

    Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio [1] (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, [2] jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment.

  3. French Penal Code of 1791 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Penal_Code_of_1791

    The French Penal Code of 1791 was a penal code adopted during the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, between 25 September and 6 October 1791.It was France's first penal code, and was influenced by the Enlightenment thinking of Montesquieu and Cesare Beccaria.

  4. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes ...

  5. Criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminology

    Cesare Beccaria Rational choice theory is based on the utilitarian , classical school philosophies of Cesare Beccaria , which were popularized by Jeremy Bentham . They argued that punishment, if certain, swift, and proportionate to the crime, was a deterrent for crime, with risks outweighing possible benefits to the offender.

  6. On Crimes and Punishments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Crimes_and_Punishments

    On Crimes and Punishments (Italian: Dei delitti e delle pene [dei deˈlitti e ddelle ˈpeːne]) is a treatise written by Cesare Beccaria in 1764. The treatise condemned torture and the death penalty and was a founding work in the field of penology .

  7. Neo-classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-classical_school...

    In criminology, the Neo-Classical School continues the traditions of the Classical School [further explanation needed] the framework of Right Realism.Hence, the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria remains a relevant social philosophy in policy term for using punishment as a deterrent through law enforcement, the courts, and imprisonment.

  8. Early childhood education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_childhood_education

    Early childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. [1]

  9. Principle of legality in French criminal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_legality_in...

    The principle of legality of punishment and crime was identified and conceptualized in the Enlightenment.It is generally attributed to Cesare Beccaria but Montesquieu indicated that "the judges of the Nation are only the mouth that pronounces the words of the law" [b] as early as 1748, in The Spirit of the Law (French: L'Esprit des lois