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Concrete carbonation can be visually revealed by applying a phenolphthalein solution over the fresh surface of a concrete samples (concrete core, prism, freshly fractured bar). Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator , whose color turns from colorless at pH < 8.5 to pink-fuchsia at pH > 9.5.
Today the Airey houses are life expired and many are in disrepair. The houses are one of a number of precast concrete systems listed in the Housing Defects Act. This meant that Government help for private owners was available in certain cases. Generally they are not accepted for mortgages unless repaired in accordance with certain prescribed ...
It is estimated that a presence of 1% of muscovite in concrete reduces the strength of the internal bonding by 5%, and further that such blocks bond poorly with cement paste. [2] Mica also absorbs water, and excess water can cause problems in cold winters as the process of freezing and thawing damages the blocks. [ 2 ]
A fairly well-defined reaction front can often be observed in thin sections; ahead of the front the concrete is normal, or near normal. Behind the reaction front, the composition and the microstructure of concrete are modified. These changes may vary in type or severity but commonly include: Extensive cracking; Expansion
No-fines houses were built with a ten-inch (254mm) concrete shell cast in situ. [1] The concrete for the entire outer structure was cast in one operation using reusable formwork. The ground floor was either concrete or traditional timber joists and floorboards; the first floor was made with traditional timber joists and floorboards.
Segregation in concrete is a case of particle segregation in concrete applications, in which particulate solids tend to segregate by virtue of differences in the size, density, shape and other properties of particles of which they are composed. when the workability of concrete is high under pouring conditions, or the amount of mortar is larger than the void volume of coarse aggregate, or the ...
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Delamination of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer under compression load. Delamination is a mode of failure where a material fractures into layers. A variety of materials, including laminate composites [1] and concrete, can fail by delamination.