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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 December 2024. Polycyclic organic compound having sterane as a core structure This article is about the family of polycyclic compounds. For the drugs, also used as performance-enhancing substances, see Anabolic steroid. For the scientific journal, see Steroids (journal). For the Death Grips EP, see ...
[2] [3] The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol, which is vital to the structure of the cell membrane, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids (fats in the broader sense of the term).
The discovery of gonane and its role as a steroid nucleus has been fundamental in understanding the structure and function of various steroid hormones. The numbering of steroid rings is determined based on the skeletal structure of gonane, providing a framework for the classification and identification of different steroids.
The largest group consists of pentacyclic Buxus steroid alkaloids, featuring a core structure based on 4,4,14-trimethyl-9,19-cyclopregnan. Cyclobuxin D is a representative of this particular group. [3] The Buxus steroid alkaloids buxamine E, buxandoline L, and cyclobuxin D are found in the leaves of common boxwood (buxus sempervirens). [13]
In general, corticosteroids are grouped into four classes, based on chemical structure. Allergic reactions to one member of a class typically indicate an intolerance of all members of the class. This is known as the "Coopman classification". [43] [44] The highlighted steroids are often used in the screening of allergies to topical steroids. [45]
More specifically, the lipophilic base structure of a saponin can be a triterpene, a steroid (such as spirostanol or furostanol) or a steroidal alkaloid (in which nitrogen atoms replace one or more carbon atoms). Alternatively, the base structure may be an acyclic carbon chain rather than the ring structure typical of steroids.
Fragkaki AG, Angelis YS, Koupparis M, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Kokotos G, Georgakopoulos C (2009). "Structural characteristics of anabolic androgenic steroids contributing to binding to the androgen receptor and to their anabolic and androgenic activities. Applied modifications in the steroidal structure". Steroids. 74 (2): 172– 97.
However, the four-ring structure of a steroid is quite expensive to replicate using direct synthetic methods. In 1938–1940, American chemist Russell Earl Marker developed the process known as Marker degradation , which converts diosgenin from Mexican Dioscorea yams into 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate , which has a four-ring structure and can ...