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[1] [2] Regular transfusion is required to reduce the symptoms of anemia by increasing functional red blood cells and hemoglobin count. Symptoms may vary based on the severity of the condition and the most common symptom is fatigue. [3] Various diseases can lead to transfusion-dependent anemia, most notably myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and ...
Diagnosis is typically by blood tests including a complete blood count, special hemoglobin tests, and genetic tests. [3] Diagnosis may occur before birth through prenatal testing. [9] Treatment depends on the type and severity. [4] Treatment for those with more severe disease often includes regular blood transfusions, and folic acid. [4]
Long-term transfusion therapy (in those with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia) is a treatment used to maintain hemoglobin levels at a target pre-transfusion hemoglobin level of 9–10.5 g/dL (11–12 g/dL in those with concomitant heart disease). [8] To ensure quality blood transfusions, the packed red blood cells should be leucoreduced.
In adults, blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels are below 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs, unless they have anemia due to a haematinic deficiency. Transfusing at a restrictive haemoglobin threshold of between 70 g/L to 80 g/L (7 to 8g/dL) decreased the proportion of people given a red blood cell ...
Transfusion dependent anemia is a form of anemia where ongoing blood transfusion are required. [91] Most people with myelodysplastic syndrome develop this state at some point in time. [92] Beta thalassemia may also result in transfusion dependence. [93] [94] Concerns from repeated blood transfusions include iron overload. [92]
Splenectomy is a possible treatment option to increase total hemoglobin levels in cases of worsening anemia due to an overactive or enlarged spleen, or when transfusion therapy is not possible. [20] However, splenectomy is avoided when other options are available due to an increased risk of serious infections and thrombosis. [20]
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