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Mental toughness is a measure of individual psychological resilience and confidence that may predict success in sport, education, and in the workplace. [1] The concept emerged in the context of sports training and sports psychology, as one of a set of attributes that allow a person to become a better athlete and able to cope with difficult training and difficult competitive situations and ...
Strong attitudes, on the other hand, are less likely to be manipulated because they are essentially "anchored in knowledge structures". [1] Armitage and Conner conducted a study regarding attitudes toward eating a low-fat diet. [1] Attitudes of a high ambivalence group and a low ambivalence group were recorded two times within five months.
Attitude may influence the attention to attitude objects, the use of categories for encoding information and the interpretation, judgement and recall of attitude-relevant information. [7] These influences tend to be more powerful for strong attitudes which are accessible and based on elaborate supportive knowledge structure.
In psychology, grit is a positive, non-cognitive trait based on a person's perseverance of effort combined with their passion for a particular long-term goal or end state (a powerful motivation to achieve an objective).
Strong attitudes are stable and not easily changed due to persuasion and can therefore help predict behaviors. The more an individual expresses or acts on an attitude the stronger the attitude becomes and the more automated the attitude becomes. Attitude strength should increase the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitudes.
This view of self-esteem as the collection of an individual's attitudes toward itself remains today. [ 15 ] In the mid-1960s, social psychologist Morris Rosenberg defined self-esteem as a feeling of self-worth and developed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), which became the most widely used scale to measure self-esteem in the social sciences.
A few studies in cognitive neuroscience have begun to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning moral conviction. One recent study, using psychophysics, electroencephalography, and measures of attitudes on sociopolitical issues found that metacognitive accuracy, the degree to which confidence judgments separate between correct and incorrect trials, [10] moderates the relationship between ...
[4] [3] Positive affectivity also promotes an open-minded attitude, sociability, and helpfulness. [1] Those having low levels of positive affectivity (and high levels of negative affectivity) are characterized by sadness, lethargy, distress, and un-pleasurable engagement (see negative affectivity). Low levels of positive affect are correlated ...