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This article needs attention from an expert in Anthropology.The specific problem is: It is not clear exactly how big of a deal this idea is in anthropology, whether it really is a counterpart to economy-of-effort theory and compatibility with childcare, and an expert would probably be able to identify some sources (or have an old undergraduate textbook on hand) to provide solid grounding.
[25] [xxii] Female economic activity is a common measure of gender equality in an economy. [xxiii] A government video: Why substantive equality is important in local government. Gender discrimination often results in women obtaining low-wage jobs and being disproportionately affected by poverty, discrimination and exploitation.
Also, in a letter Ellen Ketterson writes, "[w]hen asked, my colleagues in the Department of Gender Studies agreed that the term gender could be properly applied only to humans, because it involves one's self-concept as man or woman. Sex is a biological concept; gender is a human social and cultural concept."
In cultures where the gender binary is prominent and important, transgender people are a major exception to the societal norms related to gender. [3] Intersex people, those who cannot be biologically determined as either male or female, are another obvious deviation. Other cultures have their own practices independent of the Western gender binary.
The term gender apartheid (or sexual apartheid) also has been applied to segregation of people by gender, [9] implying that it is sexual discrimination. [10] If sex segregation is a form of sex discrimination, its effects have important consequences for gender equality and equity .
The book has ten chapters divided into four parts (I–IV), and an addendum. The five chapters of the first part outline Goldberg's theory of patriarchy. The second part contains two chapters of engagement with alternative views. The third part speculates about possible cognitive differences between men and women. Part four consists of a single ...
Women, people of other genders, people of color, and people of different sexualities are especially affected by environmental injustices. One leading cause of environmental hazards and injustices across the U.S. are landfills. Landfills emit greenhouse gas emissions, accumulate toxins in human and natural ecosystems, and contaminate water.
Sociobiologists compare human gender roles to sexed behavior in other primates and argue that gender inequality originates from genetic and reproductive differences between men and women. Patriarchal ideology explains and rationalizes patriarchy by attributing gender inequality to inherent natural differences between men and women , divine ...