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Ringer's lactate solution is in the crystalloid family of medications. [5] It is isotonic, i.e. it has the same tonicity as blood. [2] Ringer's solution was invented in the 1880s; lactate was added in the 1930s. [4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [6] Lactated Ringer's is available as a generic medication. [1]
An unusual side effect of digoxin is a disturbance of color vision (mostly yellow and green) called xanthopsia. Vincent van Gogh's "Yellow Period" may have somehow been influenced by concurrent digitalis therapy. Other oculotoxic effects of digoxin include generalized blurry vision, as well as seeing a "halo" around each point of light.
It works by increasing myocardial contractility, increasing stroke volume and blood pressure, reducing heart rate, and somewhat extending the time frame of the contraction. [5] Digoxin is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [4] Digoxin has a half life of approximately 36 hours given at average doses in patients with normal renal function.
Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride , potassium chloride , calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate , with the last used to buffer the pH .
The level of digoxin for treatment is typically 0.5-2 ng/mL. [8] Since this is a narrow therapeutic index, digoxin overdose can happen. A serum digoxin concentration of 0.5-0.9 ng/mL among those with heart failure is associated with reduced heart failure deaths and hospitalizations. [9]
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
That immediately gets the drug's concentration in the body up to the therapeutically-useful level. First day: 1000 mg; the body clears 100 mg, leaving 900 mg. On the second day, the patient takes 100 mg, bringing the level back to 1000 mg; the body clears 100 mg overnight, still leaving 900 mg, and so forth.
Sodium lactate is used to treat arrhythmias caused by overdosing of class I antiarrythmics, as well as pressor sympathomimetics which can cause hypertension. [10]It can be given intravenously as a source of bicarbonate for preventing or controlling mild to moderate metabolic acidosis in patients with restricted oral intake (for sodium bicarbonate) whose oxidative processes are not seriously ...