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Additionally, the author explores the difference between punishing criminals and trying to rehabilitate them. He also looks at how women were treated in reform institutions and how convict leasing and chain gangs in the South continued the practices of slavery, especially for black prisoners. [1] [2] [4]
Chain gang street sweepers, Washington, D. C. 1909 Female convicts in Dar es Salaam chained together by their necks, c. 1890–1927. A chain gang or road gang is a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment.
Though the convict lease system, as such, disappeared, other types of convict labor continued (and still exist presently). These other systems include plantations, industrial prisons and chain gangs. [19] The convict lease system was gradually phased out during the early 20th century due to negative publicity and other factors.
Coffle: Group of enslaved people in a chain gang for overland shipment on foot. Complete: The use of the word complete in a slave advertisement indicated a high level of competency, meaning the person had especial capability and/or the necessary training to "adeptly" perform certain work. [5]
Coffle gang. A coffle, sometimes called a platoon or a drove, was a group of enslaved people chained together and marched from one place to another by owners or slave traders. [1] [2] [3] These troupes, sometimes called shipping lots before they were moved, ranged in size from a fewer than a dozen to 200 or more enslaved people.
In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, [3] and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime. [4] [5] In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner.
Although it was prescribed for severe crimes (e.g. rape, attempted murder, wounding with intent, by the Offences against the Person Act 1861) it was also widely applied in cases of minor crime, such as petty theft and vagrancy, as well as victimless behaviour deemed harmful to the fabric of society.
1 Slavery. 7 comments. 2 Clallam County, Washington, USA. 2 comments. ... 6 File:A Southern chain gang c1903-restore.jpg to appear as POTD soon. 1 comment. 7 Virginia ...