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  2. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    The flaw is failing to account for natural fluctuations. It is frequently a special kind of post hoc fallacy. Gambler's fallacy – the incorrect belief that separate, independent events can affect the likelihood of another random event. If a fair coin lands on heads 10 times in a row, the belief that it is "due to the number of times it had ...

  3. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Greater likelihood of recalling recent, nearby, or otherwise immediately available examples, and the imputation of importance to those examples over others. Bizarreness effect: Bizarre material is better remembered than common material. Boundary extension: Remembering the background of an image as being larger or more expansive than the ...

  4. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    Thus, a person newly given sight cannot immediately identify shapes they previously knew only by touch. The ability to associate tactile and visual information requires learning and experience. [20] Another study suggests, however, that the results might have been due to a visual deficit, rather than a true lack of intermodal neural connections ...

  5. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    A formal fallacy, deductive fallacy, logical fallacy or non sequitur (Latin for "it does not follow") is a flaw in the structure of a deductive argument that renders the argument invalid. The flaw can be expressed in the standard system of logic. [1] Such an argument is always considered to be wrong.

  6. Unpaired word - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpaired_word

    An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. [1] Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym , with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite.

  7. Plato's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato's_Problem

    He either defines it using some form of the word itself, or he defines it using other words that call for definitions and explanations themselves. Eventually, Meno is led to confess his shortcomings as he tries to define the enigmatic term (the Socratic method is the mechanism that brings about this confession).

  8. List of English words with disputed usage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_with...

    Due to is frequently used in place of by, from, for, with, of, because of, and other prepositions and prepositional phrases. Undisputed synonyms for due to are caused by and attributable to. Disputed usage: He died due to cancer. (He died of cancer.) Disputed usage: Due to the end of the Second War, circumstances altered profoundly.

  9. Argument from ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance

    John Locke. Argument from ignorance (from Latin: argumentum ad ignorantiam), also known as appeal to ignorance (in which ignorance represents "a lack of contrary evidence"), is a fallacy in informal logic.