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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate , sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate .
The majority of biological samples that are used in research are kept in a buffer solution, often phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4. In industry, buffering agents are used in fermentation processes and in setting the correct conditions for dyes used in colouring fabrics. They are also used in chemical analysis [5] and calibration of pH ...
McIlvaine buffer is a buffer solution composed of citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as citrate-phosphate buffer.It was introduced in 1921 by the United States agronomist Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875–1959) from West Virginia University, and it can be prepared in pH 2.2 to 8 by mixing two stock solutions.
Sodium phosphates are popular in commerce in part because they are inexpensive and because they are nontoxic at normal levels of consumption. [4] However, oral sodium phosphates when taken at high doses for bowel preparation for colonoscopy may in some individuals carry a risk of kidney injury under the form of phosphate nephropathy.
Composition per 1 mL (once preparation complete): sodium chloride 7.14 mg (122.17 mmol), potassium chloride 0.38 mg (5.097 mmol), calcium chloride dihydrate 0.154 mg (1.04754 mmol), magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.2 mg (0.983767 mmol), dibasic sodium phosphate 0.42 mg (2.95858 mmol), sodium bicarbonate 2.1 mg (24.998 mmol), dextrose 0.92 mg (5 ...
All buffering agents achieve their function because they contain an acidic group (acetate, phosphate, sulphonate ..) or a basic group (amino, pyridyl ..). A consequence of this is that they can form complexes with the biologically important ions Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ and can compete for the metal ion contained in a metalloprotein .
2 Preparation. 3 In biochemistry ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... Disodium pyrophosphate is prepared by thermal condensation of sodium dihydrogen phosphate ...
Trisodium phosphate was at one time extensively used in formulations for a variety of consumer-grade soaps and detergents, and the most common use for trisodium phosphate has been in cleaning agents. The pH of a 1% solution is 12 (i.e., very basic ), and the solution is sufficiently alkaline to saponify grease and oils.