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History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology. The term anthropology itself, innovated as a Neo-Latin scientific word during the Renaissance, has always meant "the study (or science) of man".
Born to a Khoisan family, she was displayed in European cities in the early 19th century. Poster for an anthropological exhibition in Paris, c. 1870 The abstract concept of human displays in zoos has been documented throughout the duration of colonial history .
The contemporary word race itself is modern; historically it was used in the sense of "nation, ethnic group" during the 16th to 19th centuries. [1] [2] Race acquired its modern meaning in the field of physical anthropology through scientific racism starting in the 19th century.
19th-century Irish anthropologists (1 C, 3 P) Pages in category "19th-century anthropologists" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total.
Tylor's ideas typify 19th-century cultural evolutionism. In his works Primitive Culture (1871) and Anthropology (1881), he defined the context of the scientific study of anthropology, based on the evolutionary theories of Charles Lyell. He believed that there was a functional basis for the development of society and religion, which he ...
In the late 19th century anthropology in the United States was dominated by the Bureau of American Ethnology, directed by John Wesley Powell, a geologist who favored Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution.
In the late 20th century earlier Boasian anthropology was also critiqued for its acceptance of race as a valid biological category, [14] leading to attempts to redefine a neo-Boasian anthropology which studies the particular historical trajectories leading to the construction of social categories of cultures and races. [15]
Unilineal evolution, also referred to as classical social evolution, is a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures.It was composed of many competing theories by various anthropologists and sociologists, who believed that Western culture is the contemporary pinnacle of social evolution.