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Vasopressin. Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, [5] is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, [6] and is converted to AVP. It then travels down the axon terminating in the posterior pituitary, and is released from vesicles ...
Vasopressin receptor antagonists (VRAs) are drugs that block vasopressin receptors. Most commonly VRAs are used to treat hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), congestive heart failure (CHF) and cirrhosis. [2] Somatostatin is a competitive inhibitor.
Renin–angiotensin system. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. [2][3] When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor prorenin (already ...
Antihypotensive. A vasopressor is a drug or other agent which causes the constriction of blood vessels to increase systemic vascular resistance. This is different from inotopes which increase the force of contraction of heart muscle. Some substances do both (e.g. dopamine, dobutamine) .
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels. The process is particularly important in controlling hemorrhage and reducing acute blood loss.
Vasopressin infusions are in use for septic shock patients not responding to fluid resuscitation or infusions of catecholamines (e.g., dopamine or norepinephrine) to increase the blood pressure while sparing the use of catecholamines. These argipressins have much shorter elimination half-life (around 20 minutes) than synthetic non-arginine ...
Angiotensin. Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.
Vasoactivity. A vasoactive substance is an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing blood pressure and/or heart rate through its vasoactivity, that is, vascular activity (effect on blood vessels). By adjusting vascular compliance and vascular resistance, typically through vasodilation and ...